Innovative technique developed to produce antibodies
Researchers have developed a novel approach to generate human antibodies rapidly in the laboratory. This groundbreaking method not only speeds up the production of antibodies to treat many diseases, but it could also be used in the development of new vaccines.
B cells need two signals to begin proliferation and develop into plasma cells. Encountering and recognizing a specific antigen provides the first signal, and short DNA fragments called CpG oligonucleotides provide the second. CpG oligonucleotides trigger proliferation by activating a protein inside B cells known as TLR9.
Experiments have shown that when patient-derived B cells are treated with CpG oligonucleotides, it is not just the B cells that are capable of secreting a particular antibody that are stimulated; the CpG oligonucleotides stimulate every B cell in the sample.
Batista and colleagues discovered a technique in the laboratory to overcome this problem.
They managed to produce specific human antibodies by taking the patient-derived B cells and treating them with minuscule nanoparticles coated with the appropriate antigen and CpG oligonucleotides.
The team’s new method is successful due to the CpG oligonucleotides only being internalized into B cells that recognize the particular antigen. Therefore, these are the only B cells that have their TLR9 activated to start proliferating and developing into antibody-producing plasma cells.
The researchers were able to produce specific antibodies over the course of just a few days, and some of the generated anti-influenza antibodies were able to detect multiple virus strains and neutralize their ability to infect cells.
Furthermore, the technique does not rely on the donor having been exposed to antigens through infections or vaccinations. The investigators demonstrated this by generating anti-HIV antibodies from B cells taken from people who do not have HIV.
The new approach may help researchers to rapidly produce therapeutic antibodies to treat infectious diseases and potentially other conditions, including cancer.
Facundo Batista said that “Specifically, it should allow the production of these antibodies within a shorter time frame in vitro and without the need for vaccination or blood/serum donation from recently infected or vaccinated individuals.”
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